DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF AN AUTOMATIC CHANGE OVER SWITCH WITH GENERATOR CUT OFF AND STARTER ABSTRACT Power
supply in Nigeria and most developing countries of the world is
anything but stable. This has adverse effects on the consumers of the
electricity and the equipments that are operated from the mains sources
of electricity supply in these parts of the world. Automatic change over
switch system is used to ensure continuous supply to load in case the
mains supply is not healthy or disconnected. This project designs and
constructs of an automatic change over switch with generator starter and
cut-off. In this paper, we provide an automatic switching mechanism
that transfers the consumer loads to a power source from a generator in
the case of power failure in the main supply. It automatically detects
when power has been restored to the mains supply and returns the loads
to this source while turning off the power from the generator set. This
mechanism has been tested and we recorded a great result. It thus holds
an important key in the provision of a continuous power supply through
an ear seamless switching between the mains supply and an alternative
stand by source like the generator set. CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study Public
power supply is a major contributor to economic development in every
nation. In developing nations like Nigeria, Ghana, Cote d’Ivoire and
under developed parts of the world, the public power supply for
industrial, commercial and domestic use is highly unstable (Peter,
2002). This has negative effect on the economy in such that most of them
had to depend on frequent use of alternative power sources such as
generator, inverter, solar to meet up with the energy demands. One of
the common alternate sources depended on is the use of generator set
which is usually connected to a changeover switch and the public power
supply also connected to the switch also. The application of alternative
sources of power supply is being faced with the challenge of switching
smoothly and timely between the mains supply and the generator supply
whenever there is power failure on the mains source and vice versa.
(Ransorne, 2009). Automatic Changeover switch with generator cut off
and starter is one of the electrical devices that can aid smooth
switching from public supply to generator and vice versa. It
automatically switches from one power source to another. When there is
power failure in the public supply it starts the generator and switches
to the supply (generator) and it equally switches over to the mains
supply when power is restored and turns off the generator automatically.
The automatic power changeover switchwith generator cut off and starter
is a device that links the load and mains supply or the alternative
supply together. This enables the use of either the mains supply or an
alternative source when there is outage on the mains source without the
user intervention. The changeover switch can either come in with three
phase or single phase. This device maintains constant power supply to
the load by automatically activating the generator when there is need.
Since the user might not always be in need of the generator, provision
has been made to prevent the generator from starting should an outage
occur. Therefore, in view of these considerations, the project aimed at
designing and constructing a workable automatic change-over switch with
generator cut off and starter functions. 1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM The
frequent of power outages in developing countries like the case of
Nigeria creates a need for automation of electrical power generation or
alternative sources of power to back up the utility supply. This
automation becomes important since the rate of power outage becomes
predominantly high. Most industries and commercial processes are partly
dependent on generators and public power supply which is epileptic
especially in Nigeria. Therefore, if the processes of power change-over
between these two power supplying sources are manual, human error during
change-over leading to machine damage, electric shock/electrocution as
well as increased down time consequently introducing massive losses.
However, if the starting of the generator is automatically done by a
relay which switches the battery voltage to ignition coil of the
generator while the main power relay switches the load to either public
supply or generator, the down time would greatly be reduce thereby
maintaining the tempo of production. In view of the background, this
project tends to focus on the design and construction of an automatic
changeover switch with generator cut off and starter. 1.3 AIM AND OBJECTIVES
This project is centered on design and construction of an automatic
change-over switch with generator cut off and starter. However, the
specific objectives are as follow; 1. To design a device that
automatically switches on the generator and switch over the load to the
generator whenever there is mains power failure. 2. To sort and examine various components to be used for the construction of automatic changeover switch 3. To design and integrate the sub-units of the automatic changeover switch 4. To carryout a test on the sub-units design of the automatic changeover switch 1.4 SCOPE OF THE STUDY The
scope of this project is focus on designing and construction of a
change-over switch with cut off and starter of a generator with the
capacity of 3.5KVA.It also revolves around a project that is designed
for power supply applications. It involves automatic changeover between
the main power supply and an auxiliary power supply, such as a
generator. The project implements an automatic switching or starting of
the power generator whenever the main power fails. 1.5 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY Some of the limitations of the automatic changeover design are; 1. The design cannot function with a generator that is not auto-start. 2. It does not function properly for a generator higher than 3KVA. 3. The design of the automatic changeover switch with cut off and starter does not function with a faulty generating set 4. The design will not function properly when there is no enginestopper in the generator. 1.6 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY The significance of this work cannot be overemphasized. Therefore, benefits that are associated to the change-over switch are; 1.
It minimizes damages to lives and equipment since it has its own
monitoring system and its switching requires no human contact with the
switch, thus eliminating human error. 2. It reduces change-over time to a minimum, due to its fast response to power restoration 3. It maintains high quality of service through its fast and prompt response. 4. Moreover, the unit is portable, easy, convenient and safe to install.
DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A THREE PHASE AUTHOMATIC CHANGE OVER SWITCH WITH GENERATOR STARTER AND CUT-OFF
DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF AN AUTOMATIC CHANGE OVER SWITCH WITH GENERATOR CUT OFF AND STARTER ABSTRACT Power supply in Nigeria and most developing countries of the world is anything but stable. This has adverse effects on the consumers of the electricity and the equipments that are operated from the mains sources of electricity supply in these... Continue Reading
DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF AN AUTOMATIC CHANGE OVER SWITCH WITH GENERATOR CUT OFF AND STARTER ABSTRACT Power supply in Nigeria and most developing countries of the world is anything but stable. This has adverse effects on the consumers of the electricity and the equipments that are operated from the mains sources of electricity supply in these... Continue Reading
ABSTRACT Most industrial and commercial processes are dependent on electrical power. Power failure or outage in general does not promote development in public and private sectors. The investors do not feel secure to come into a country with constant or frequent power failure. This limits the development of industries.In addition there are... Continue Reading
ABSTRACT Most industrial and commercial processes are dependent on electrical power. Power failure or outage in general does not promote development in public and private sectors. The investors do not feel secure to come into a country with constant or frequent power failure. This limits the development of industries.In addition there are... Continue Reading
ABSTRACT The design and construction of a 60A, 3-Ф automatic power changeover from public utility supply to generator and vice versa was aimed at providing a useful system for use in our homes or offices. The system was achieved with a 66A 3-Ф contactor, 100mA transformers and relays. The system turns on a generator when the public utility... Continue Reading
ABSTRACT The design and construction of a 60A, 3-Ф automatic power changeover from public utility supply to generator and vice versa was aimed at providing a useful system for use in our homes or offices. The system was achieved with a 66A 3-Ф contactor, 100mA transformers and relays. The system turns on a generator when the public utility... Continue Reading
ABSTRACT The main aim of any electric power supply in the world is to provide uninterrupted power supply at all times to all its consumers. Although, in developing countries, the electric power generated to meet the demands of the growing consumers of electricity is insufficient, hence power instability and outage. Power instability or outage in... Continue Reading
CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION The evolutionary trend in industrial electronics and automation has engulfed all parts of the world and proved more challenging to as third world like Nigeria. Regarding the milestone, it was decided to make the choice of project research on the design and implementation of an automatic 3 - phase change – over with... Continue Reading
ABSTRACT This project work deals on the design and construction of an automatic power changeover that will change/transfer control from MAINS to Gen set and can switch ON/OFF the Gen automatically. The system integrates phase selector in MAINS and changeover to Gen. It is designed in several blocks all combined to from one functional unit. A +5v... Continue Reading
CHAPTER ONE 1.0 INTRODUCTION As the quest for change over on public power supply and stand by generation increase. Engineering have researches deep into the different methods of achieving to both manual and automatic types. It may not be taken seriously in some places where power supply is up to 90... Continue Reading